WEBVTT
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History takes us
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to the south-east of the
Autonomous Community of Madrid,
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near the Barcelona road
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and well-known villages
such as Loeches or Campo Real.
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This is the village of Nuevo Baztán,
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a dream which became
a reality over 300 years ago.
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We enter its streets
thanks to the geo-monumental routes,
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which arose as a consequence
of the results of the investigations
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of the Geo-materials group
of the Geo-sciences Institute
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of the Scientific Research Council
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and the Complutense
University of Madrid.
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From the start,
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they received funding from
the Autonomous Community of Madrid
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and the support
of the Madrimasd Foundation,
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through initiatives
such as the Madrid Science Week
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and the madrimasd website.
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On this occasion,
we discover Nuevo Baztán,
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the result of the determination
of its founder, Juan de Goyeneche,
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who wanted to build
a manufacturing town
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on barren land
to the south of Alcalá.
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There, together with the architect
José Benito de Churriguera,
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he constructed a small industrial
town laid out on a grid plan
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and with buildings
decorated in such a way
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that some have described it as a
feast of the Churrigueresque style.
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The monumental
complex of Nuevo Baztán,
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just 46 kilometres
from the centre of Madrid,
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includes the Church,
the Palace, the Church Square,
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the Market Square
and the Plaza de Fiestas,
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which, together with the rest
of the historic constructions,
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comprise a Baroque village
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built to house
the artisans and workers
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of the factories
that were set up there.
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Living history of Madrid
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which now struggles
against the ravages of time.
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As you stroll around its streets,
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you have the sensation
of being accompanied by the ghosts
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of those who placed their trust
in the visionary Goyeneche
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and gave life to a kind
of early industrial estate.
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Its inhabitants, of which there are
barely 60 in the historic centre,
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are aware that they are part
of the modern history of Madrid,
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and, though they are resigned
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to the physical deterioration
of their treasures,
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they are aware of the responsibility
of living in a village
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created with a number of precepts:
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history,
functionality and Baroque art.
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Goyeneche and Churriguera
are two figures
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who not only were
important in the history of Spain
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at the end of the 17th century
and the start of the 18th,
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they were also important
for Nuevo Baztán.
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Churriguera was an architect
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from a very important
family of architects and sculptors,
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who themselves coined
the term 'Churrigueresque',
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and who not only
designed major buildings,
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mausoleums and altarpieces,
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but also Nuevo Baztán,
commissioned by Goyeneche,
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and together they created
the entire complex of Nuevo Baztán.
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Goyeneche, as we said,
was a man ahead of his time,
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born in Navarre
in the Baztán Valley,
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hence the name Nuevo Baztán.
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Because he was ahead of his time,
he was familiar with
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the economic theories and those
of Colbertism which, at that time,
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were being put forward in France,
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and he incorporated them into
his great business project
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which is the Nuevo Baztán complex.
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Around this Palace-Church
and the three squares,
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the grid plan is structured,
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of parallel
and intersecting streets,
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and the industrial and
agricultural complex then expanded
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as and when
new industries were incorporated
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into this large industrial complex.
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A sculpture of Juan de Goyeneche
receives visitors
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and welcomes them
to the Interpretation Centre,
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which, since 2003,
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has been responsible
for preserving and spreading
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the memory of Nuevo Baztán.
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Its products,
its workshops and its history,
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all of this in former wine cellars,
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which, like the rest, still
conserve the original structures.
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From there, it manages
the image of today's Nuevo Baztán,
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its architecture
and its monumental complex.
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Its purpose is to inform visitors
about Goyeneche,
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about Churriguera
and about Nuevo Baztán,
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why Nuevo Baztán was built
at a place where there was nothing,
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what happened here,
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the reasons why
all these factories were created.
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Through a series of models,
an audiovisual presentation
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and a reproduction
of all the objects
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which, centuries ago,
were manufactured here,
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visitors gain a clear idea
of what Nuevo Baztán was like,
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what was manufactured,
what was produced
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and why the Nuevo Baztán
project was so important
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for the history
of the district, Madrid and Spain.
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The Nuevo Baztán complex
is sometimes described
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as 'rural Baroque',
which is an important characteristic.
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Why is it called that?
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Because of the grid plan,
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the way the six streets
which comprise it are structured,
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the original village
of the industrial complex,
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which was then copied and exported
to other localities in Andalusia.
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It was created
in order to be able to grow.
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As the industries grew,
that grid layout expanded.
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The Nuevo Baztán complex,
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we might think
is just stone structures
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which are not used for anything,
but that is not true.
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Each building,
though not in their entirety,
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but many of them are put to used,
mainly related to tourism.
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The palace
has been renovated and refurbished
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by the Autonomous Community
of Madrid as an exhibition centre,
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workshops, and conference rooms
on the lower floors.
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The rest of the palace,
though not 100%,
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can be visited,
it forms part of the tourist visits.
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The church
built by Churriguera,
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together with its altarpiece,
is the parish church.
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The Plaza de Fiestas
forms part of the tourist routes,
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and in the summer
it is used as a cultural centre,
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for all kinds of music concerts,
shows, workshops, dramatised visits,
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and also open-air cinema,
which, in Nuevo Baztán,
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can be enjoyed
throughout the summer months.
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The interpretation centre, which
was originally the wine cellars,
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and many
of the historic buildings,
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which were previously
used as factories,
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are now either
municipal buildings
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or privately-owned houses,
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particularly the houses
that used to be occupied by artisans,
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they have been taken over
by new owners,
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who live in them
on a permanent basis.
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The swallows and swifts,
native to the area,
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have the very best view of the
grid plan designed by Churriguera.
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And within it, the main elements
of the complex are arranged,
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easily visible from the sky,
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and also with
our feet on the ground,
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thanks to the
easily-recognisable grid layout.
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The Palace and the Church share
a façade and both were declared
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a Site of Historical
and Artistic Importance in 1941.
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The former,
once the residence of Goyeneche
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and today an exhibition centre,
is a double example,
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on the one hand
of the rural Baroque,
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and, on the other hand,
of the work of Churriguera.
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The main entrance to the palace
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is framed by
the typical Madrid-style moulding.
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And at a glance we can observe
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the interesting elements
which make up this construction.
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The lion, whose jaws hold
the chequerboard shield of Baztán,
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the heraldic symbol
of the Baztán Valley,
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where Goyeneche came from,
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and which is repeated at
various places around the village.
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This coat of arms
was probably added later,
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because Goyeneche did not have
any title of nobility whatsoever.
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Particular mention
should be made of the palace tower,
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whose height and balustrades create
the majesty that Goyeneche sought.
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In the past,
only the birds and the powerful
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could enjoy
the inner courtyard of the palace.
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Today, all visitors
can enter it and enjoy
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the calm that surrounds
the well in its centre.
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Immediately adjacent to it,
we come to the church,
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without a doubt
the jewel of the complex.
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To either side
of the body of the portico,
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two enormous towers rise up
covered by four-sided slate roofs
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and crowned by
spires and weather vanes.
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An entablature,
supported on four columns
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and framed
by a semi-circular arch
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with fine Baroque moulding,
welcomes the visitor.
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The figure of San Francisco Javier,
the patron saint of Navarre,
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where Goyeneche's family
came from, invites us to enter.
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Once inside,
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we discover the altarpiece
which Churriguera created
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and which remains intact.
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This holy place holds secrets
from the civil war, or royal gifts,
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such as this coffer
which the wife of Felipe V
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gave to Goyeneche's wife.
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In the vestry,
there are more original treasures,
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and, among them,
the entrance to the crypt,
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the former parish cemetery,
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which today houses
a collection of earthenware vessels,
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while the limestone
weeps with the passing of time,
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creating small stalactites
in full view of the visitors.
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It is not the only
underground space in the village.
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In fact, the experts tell us
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that there are a number of tunnels
which connect all the houses.
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Though the danger of collapse
means that only this one,
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which starts in the
central courtyard, can be visited,
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and in it you can see the large
vessels that are still conserved.
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It is now the turn of the squares,
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notably the Plaza Mayor,
on which the main façade stands.
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Its Baroque fountain, recently
restored, presides over the square.
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Diagonally to the grid
designed by Churriguera,
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stands the Market Square, also
known as the Square of the Secret.
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Its original use was commercial,
though little of that now remains.
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Today, a very recent restoration
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highlights
the lustre of the materials.
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The fountain and the step
on one side were added later,
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the step
precisely so that the ground
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can support the weight
over the crypt of the church.
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Finally, we enter
the Plaza de Fiestas,
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surrounded
by the craftsmen's houses.
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Today,
the patron saint's festivities
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are still celebrated here,
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but it was originally conceived
to host bullfights,
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and yes, it is rectangular.
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The craftsmen's houses,
inhabited until the 1960s,
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were neglected,
almost becoming ruins,
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but we can still see
reminders of a better past,
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when all kinds of artisans
lived and worked there,
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surrounded
by their colleagues and neighbours.
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Once curious detail:
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the arches of the front doors
are staggered,
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another one
of Churriguera's innovations,
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which he successfully
used in Nuevo Baztán.
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Nuevo Baztán
would not be what it is
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if it was not for a very special
type of stone found in this area.
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We are talking about limestone.
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Nuevo Baztán is another example
of this practical,
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effective technique,
dictated by common sense:
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it is built using
the material which was available.
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Therefore, limestone, in this case
from the moors, is the protagonist.
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Those responsible for organising
the geo-monumental routes
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carried out an exhaustive
analysis of the condition
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of the materials
used in Nuevo Baztán.
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Cities always tend
to use the geological resources
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available in the surrounding area.
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Thus, Madrid,
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has very considerable resources
of natural stone for construction.
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We have, for example, granite,
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known in Spanish
as 'Berroqueña' stone,
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which comes mainly from
the Guadarrama mountains.
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Other construction materials
have also been used,
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such as limestone and dolomites,
belonging to the Madrid basin.
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The dolomites,
mainly from the Cretaceous period,
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the limestones
from the Tertiary period,
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we are talking about
five or ten million years ago,
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and then, flint
has also been used in construction.
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In the specific case of Nuevo Baztán,
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the only materials that exist in the
surrounding area are the limestones.
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For the construction of the
monumental complex of Nuevo Baztán,
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the so-called
'moorland limestone' has been used,
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that can be found
in the area around Nuevo Baztán.
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It is a rock
composed of calcium carbonate,
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which was formed
in what once was a lake...
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between 5 and 10 million years ago.
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Knowing that,
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it comes as no surprise
to learn that near Nuevo Baztán
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we can find
some of the quarries
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from which the
moorland limestone was extracted.
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The trained eye
can even make out
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where the quarrying cuts
were made
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and how the limestone itself
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varies in colour
depending on its composition.
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On the way to the quarry,
about four kilometres away,
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we come across another of the
secrets of this historic village.
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A natural spring,
according to the legend,
0:14:23.640 --> 0:14:26.479
Felipe the Fifth ordered
water to be collected from here,
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to enjoy
its supposed magical benefits.
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This area, south-east Madrid,
0:14:36.560 --> 0:14:39.680
has certain, very specific
geological characteristics.
0:14:39.760 --> 0:14:41.560
In the area around Nuevo Baztán,
0:14:41.640 --> 0:14:43.680
thanks
to this natural lookout point,
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we can observe
the composition of the land
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and even the quarrying activity.
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Among the colours
offered to us by nature,
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we find villages and, of course,
0:14:53.119 --> 0:14:57.080
their respective
sources of materials.
0:14:58.400 --> 0:15:01.119
And one more detail of the richness,
in this case historic,
0:15:01.200 --> 0:15:03.879
of the land
on which Nuevo Baztán stands.
0:15:03.959 --> 0:15:05.239
Barely six kilometres away,
0:15:05.320 --> 0:15:08.360
we find the remains
of the 40-days Train,
0:15:08.439 --> 0:15:11.760
which, according to the legend,
was built in 40 days
0:15:11.840 --> 0:15:13.400
to carry supplies to Madrid,
0:15:13.479 --> 0:15:17.680
which was under
siege by Franco's troops.
0:15:19.119 --> 0:15:23.560
Nuevo Baztán stands
on this moorland limestone.
0:15:23.640 --> 0:15:25.439
This moorland limestone
0:15:25.520 --> 0:15:28.439
is a geological
formation which can be found
0:15:28.520 --> 0:15:32.560
in different sedimentary basins
from the Tertiary period,
0:15:32.640 --> 0:15:35.360
such as the Duero basin
in Palencia,
0:15:35.439 --> 0:15:38.720
in the Tagus basin,
and in the Madrid basin.
0:15:38.800 --> 0:15:44.119
Because the moorland limestone
on which Nuevo Baztán stands
0:15:44.200 --> 0:15:46.320
belongs to the Madrid basin.
0:15:46.400 --> 0:15:49.680
It is a geological formation
composed of limestones,
0:15:49.760 --> 0:15:55.959
which, in the case of Nuevo Baztán,
is something like 20 metres thick,
0:15:56.040 --> 0:16:00.119
and it gives rise to this
land relief typical of plateaus.
0:16:00.200 --> 0:16:03.080
These limestones are resistant
to the processes of erosion
0:16:03.160 --> 0:16:08.040
and they therefore jut out from
the general topography,
0:16:08.119 --> 0:16:11.280
And that surface,
which is the surface of the moors,
0:16:11.360 --> 0:16:14.160
is created by
the so-called moorland limestones.
0:16:15.600 --> 0:16:18.760
Back in Nuevo Baztán,
we take a closer look
0:16:18.840 --> 0:16:22.560
at the material used to construct
the historic monumental complex,
0:16:22.640 --> 0:16:24.439
including the craftsmen's houses
0:16:24.520 --> 0:16:26.920
and the buildings
which surround the main ones,
0:16:27.000 --> 0:16:29.400
which, in the past,
were fully functional.
0:16:29.479 --> 0:16:32.920
Today, those that remain fully
standing, which is not all of them,
0:16:33.000 --> 0:16:38.239
are the homes of the villagers,
who refuse to forget history.
0:16:38.320 --> 0:16:42.640
The stone used in Nuevo Baztán
to construct both the palace
0:16:42.720 --> 0:16:48.720
and all the other architectural
elements is mainly of two types.
0:16:48.800 --> 0:16:54.800
They are limestones
of whitish and ochre appearance,
0:16:54.879 --> 0:17:01.200
whose fundamental characteristics
attest to their lake formation,
0:17:01.280 --> 0:17:05.360
such as the great abundance
of algaceous elements,
0:17:05.439 --> 0:17:10.119
notably the presence of characeae,
0:17:10.200 --> 0:17:16.200
the fossil remains of algae,
or the presence of oncolites.
0:17:16.280 --> 0:17:21.400
This indicates tranquil environments
during the formation of these rocks.
0:17:22.760 --> 0:17:25.479
And, like all limestones,
with the passing of time,
0:17:25.560 --> 0:17:27.680
it suffers the ravages of age.
0:17:27.760 --> 0:17:31.760
Apart from the pollution
caused by people and also animals,
0:17:31.840 --> 0:17:34.160
and not forgetting
the biological colonisation
0:17:34.239 --> 0:17:36.160
present throughout the complex,
0:17:36.239 --> 0:17:39.239
there is also the
natural wearing of the limestone,
0:17:39.320 --> 0:17:43.640
which goes through
different processes.
0:17:43.640 --> 0:17:47.000
Limestone
is a rock, a stony material,
0:17:47.080 --> 0:17:49.959
which, due to its chemical
composition, calcium carbonate,
0:17:50.040 --> 0:17:54.160
is very sensitive to two types
of deterioration processes.
0:17:54.239 --> 0:17:56.400
One is atmospheric pollution,
0:17:56.479 --> 0:18:00.200
which occurs in urban areas,
which is not the case here.
0:18:00.280 --> 0:18:05.959
And the other is alteration
due to the presence of water,
0:18:06.040 --> 0:18:09.239
all the processes
of freezing and melting,
0:18:09.320 --> 0:18:11.879
the crystallisation of salts,
in which water plays a part,
0:18:11.959 --> 0:18:13.879
will cause it to crumble.
0:18:13.959 --> 0:18:17.360
The entire urban core
of Nuevo Baztán
0:18:17.439 --> 0:18:21.520
is prone
to the presence of these sinkholes.
0:18:21.600 --> 0:18:26.680
A large sinkhole under
the ground, which, on the one hand,
0:18:26.760 --> 0:18:30.840
can generate a series of risks
in the stability of the buildings.
0:18:30.920 --> 0:18:37.680
In fact, in 1974, a large crack
appeared in the tower of the palace,
0:18:37.760 --> 0:18:41.280
which ran from the cornice
0:18:41.360 --> 0:18:45.680
almost to the bottom
of the windows on the first floor,
0:18:45.760 --> 0:18:49.360
causing some parts to fall off.
0:18:49.439 --> 0:18:53.000
Also, the tower
on the right of the church
0:18:53.080 --> 0:18:57.239
has suffered
some settling processes,
0:18:57.320 --> 0:19:01.760
which means that it has a
slight inclination from the vertical.
0:19:01.840 --> 0:19:04.200
Those are the negative effects
0:19:04.280 --> 0:19:06.640
of the presence
of sinkholes in the substratum.
0:19:06.720 --> 0:19:07.720
But, as advantages,
0:19:07.800 --> 0:19:11.760
it may have made it easier
to construct the cellars,
0:19:11.840 --> 0:19:15.879
because those sinkholes are
filled with detritic material,
0:19:15.959 --> 0:19:20.040
a very clayey material
that is much easier to excavate,
0:19:20.119 --> 0:19:23.239
to construct
the cellars and the tunnels.
0:19:23.320 --> 0:19:27.239
And, on the other hand,
those sinkholes
0:19:27.320 --> 0:19:31.879
form an aquifer which accumulates
the rainwater, and therefore
0:19:31.959 --> 0:19:34.640
permits the circulation
and the supply of water
0:19:34.720 --> 0:19:36.160
to this entire area.
0:19:36.239 --> 0:19:37.439
This also means
0:19:37.520 --> 0:19:40.160
that the groundwater
level rises during times of rain,
0:19:40.239 --> 0:19:46.160
in turn causing flooding
of the tunnels and cellars.
0:19:48.400 --> 0:19:50.320
In addition
to biological colonisation,
0:19:50.400 --> 0:19:52.479
we can also observe
problems related
0:19:52.560 --> 0:19:57.119
to the presence of flaking,
fissures, parts coming away.
0:19:57.200 --> 0:20:01.520
All of them caused not only
by the ageing of the construction,
0:20:01.600 --> 0:20:05.800
but also by deficient
actions in the past.
0:20:05.879 --> 0:20:09.439
The change of colour of the
pigmentation of the wall is evident,
0:20:09.520 --> 0:20:14.439
and in some place
it has turned an intense red.
0:20:15.280 --> 0:20:16.479
Another notable aspect,
0:20:16.560 --> 0:20:19.040
due to the frequency
and originaliy of its use,
0:20:19.119 --> 0:20:21.000
is the presence of a patina
0:20:21.080 --> 0:20:25.840
which covers virtually the entire
wall of the palace and the church.
0:20:25.920 --> 0:20:28.080
Originally, when it was applied,
0:20:28.160 --> 0:20:32.320
it was like a lime water
to which plaster was also added.
0:20:32.400 --> 0:20:37.479
Pigments were added to it
to give it colour, earth oxides,
0:20:37.560 --> 0:20:40.320
and, most important of all,
and what most differentiates it,
0:20:40.400 --> 0:20:42.800
was the addition
of an organic product.
0:20:42.879 --> 0:20:45.600
We believe that, almost certainly,
0:20:45.680 --> 0:20:49.959
they added
products derived from milk,
0:20:50.040 --> 0:20:55.119
or simply milk itself
or dairy products such as cheese.
0:20:55.200 --> 0:21:01.560
What that organic substance
does is provide this layer
0:21:01.640 --> 0:21:06.479
with additional protection,
as the fats are transformed,
0:21:06.560 --> 0:21:08.760
together with the pigments
and the minerals,
0:21:08.840 --> 0:21:11.879
into a mineralised layer
with a high degree of resistance.
0:21:11.959 --> 0:21:17.239
It is very difficult to know exactly
which raw material they used,
0:21:17.320 --> 0:21:20.959
but, generally, it
involved mixing binding substances,
0:21:21.040 --> 0:21:24.439
such as lime and plaster,
with some kind of organic additive,
0:21:24.520 --> 0:21:27.760
which could be anything from milk,
which we believe is the case here,
0:21:27.840 --> 0:21:30.680
to blood, animal hair, etc.
0:21:30.760 --> 0:21:33.040
This has occurred
throughout history.
0:21:33.119 --> 0:21:35.840
I think I can say
0:21:35.920 --> 0:21:41.200
that we are a worldwide reference
in the field of patinas like this
0:21:41.280 --> 0:21:43.520
and we have studied
this particular one,
0:21:43.600 --> 0:21:45.840
and, under the microscope
we have been able to differentiate
0:21:45.920 --> 0:21:48.160
three different applications,
0:21:48.239 --> 0:21:50.680
which means that
work was carried out
0:21:50.760 --> 0:21:54.520
for maintenance
and conservation of the façades.
0:21:56.640 --> 0:22:00.239
Close visual examination
of the wall of the palace tower
0:22:00.320 --> 0:22:02.760
can be rather devastating.
0:22:02.840 --> 0:22:04.959
You can see
stone coming away,
0:22:05.040 --> 0:22:06.400
places where
urgent attention is needed,
0:22:06.479 --> 0:22:08.640
and the remains
of poor interventions,
0:22:08.720 --> 0:22:11.840
as well as the elements which
make its conservation difficult,
0:22:11.920 --> 0:22:14.080
such as remains of cement mortars,
0:22:14.160 --> 0:22:19.280
which experts now rule out
for this kind of maintenance.
0:22:19.360 --> 0:22:22.000
Nuevo Baztán
requires more dedicated,
0:22:22.080 --> 0:22:26.479
carefully-planned maintenance,
0:22:26.560 --> 0:22:28.800
which is where the Autonomous
Community of Madrid comes in,
0:22:28.879 --> 0:22:31.920
as well as Cultural Heritage
and Historical Heritage,
0:22:32.000 --> 0:22:36.000
which dedicate
the most time, effort and money,
0:22:36.080 --> 0:22:42.080
in order to restore the entire
complex created by Goyeneche.
0:22:42.160 --> 0:22:45.000
The façades have to be cleaned,
weeds have to be cleared away,
0:22:45.080 --> 0:22:47.439
the roofs, the stuccos,
0:22:47.520 --> 0:22:50.080
the interiors, the mouldings,
all require attention.
0:22:50.160 --> 0:22:53.760
In other words, dedicated work
is needed, day after day,
0:22:53.840 --> 0:22:55.200
so that nothing deteriorates
0:22:55.280 --> 0:22:59.400
and nothing is allowed
to further damage the entire complex.
0:22:59.479 --> 0:23:02.119
The work that
has been carried out on the palace
0:23:02.200 --> 0:23:05.320
has mainly been
one-off interventions,
0:23:05.400 --> 0:23:06.479
aimed, on the one hand,
0:23:06.560 --> 0:23:11.439
at renovating
the interior of the palace to house
0:23:11.520 --> 0:23:15.200
permanent or itinerant exhibitions,
0:23:15.280 --> 0:23:19.239
as well as the work that
has been carried out on the squares,
0:23:19.320 --> 0:23:20.320
the Plaza de la Fiesta,
0:23:20.400 --> 0:23:24.479
where some work has been done
on the entrance arches,
0:23:24.560 --> 0:23:27.160
as well as all the work
0:23:27.239 --> 0:23:30.040
on what are known as
the craftsmen's houses.
0:23:30.119 --> 0:23:31.640
With regard to the types of stone,
0:23:31.720 --> 0:23:35.640
we have sought to ensure that the
materials are as similar as possible
0:23:35.720 --> 0:23:39.959
to those originally
used in this construction.
0:23:40.040 --> 0:23:43.479
Though, by necessity,
some have been changed,
0:23:43.560 --> 0:23:45.320
for example, the mortars.
0:23:45.400 --> 0:23:47.520
Originally,
lime mortars were used,
0:23:47.600 --> 0:23:50.680
because this area
is rich in limestones
0:23:50.760 --> 0:23:53.479
and so there were many lime kilns.
0:23:53.560 --> 0:23:57.239
And, after all the different
interventions and restorations,
0:23:57.320 --> 0:24:02.320
those lime mortars
have turned into cement mortars,
0:24:02.400 --> 0:24:06.720
which are less noble,
less forgiving materials,
0:24:06.800 --> 0:24:10.360
and they can cause
different kinds of damage,
0:24:10.439 --> 0:24:12.479
especially those used in the past.
0:24:14.840 --> 0:24:18.280
Beyond the need for
the conservation of Nuevo Baztán,
0:24:18.360 --> 0:24:21.479
it is undeniable
that this village, estate
0:24:21.560 --> 0:24:25.959
and series of factories
is a relic of the past.
0:24:26.040 --> 0:24:29.720
The splendid result of a
conversation between a businessman,
0:24:29.800 --> 0:24:31.600
who today
we would call an entrepreneur,
0:24:31.680 --> 0:24:35.239
and the finest architect of the age.
0:24:35.320 --> 0:24:38.160
A complex which was conceived
as a revolutionary idea
0:24:38.239 --> 0:24:40.600
and which laid the bases
for what, many years later,
0:24:40.680 --> 0:24:43.760
would be called
industrial estates.
0:24:43.840 --> 0:24:46.119
Master craftsmen
from all over Europe
0:24:46.200 --> 0:24:51.400
travelled to Nuevo Baztán
and turned it into their new home.
0:24:51.479 --> 0:24:55.320
Today, Nuevo Baztán is a small
village with a great history,
0:24:55.400 --> 0:25:00.920
which this ancient elm
has been a privileged witness to.
0:25:01.000 --> 0:25:02.920
This is just one
of the many trees which Goyeneche
0:25:03.000 --> 0:25:04.920
ordered to be planted
along this avenue
0:25:05.000 --> 0:25:09.920
to provide shade
to those who came from Madrid.
0:25:11.239 --> 0:25:12.760
The villagers still dream
0:25:12.840 --> 0:25:16.479
about that meeting
between Goyeneche and Churriguera,
0:25:16.560 --> 0:25:18.320
who, starting with a blank sheet,
0:25:18.400 --> 0:25:21.720
managed to construct
a Baroque masterpiece
0:25:21.800 --> 0:25:23.600
and, from
the geological point of view,
0:25:23.680 --> 0:25:28.360
an experiment in limestone worthy
of examination year after year.