WEBVTT

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(ALEJANDRO) Hello, I am
Alejandro Rodríguez Ascaso,

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lecturer at the Department
of Artificial Intelligence at UNED.

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In this video, we will review
some important aspects

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concerning perceptibility
and accessibility

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in information
and communication technologies.

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(ANA) There are important aids
that help in daily life.

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For example, at home,
I have a system installed

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so that when the doorbell rings,

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the lights flash on and off
as an alert.

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(ALEJANDRO) Ana can tell
that someone is ringing her doorbell

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because the sound information
is also available in visual form.

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(VÍCTOR) Screen readers are programmes
that scan the screen and read aloud,

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through the sound card,
everything they encounter.

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(SR) Welcome
to the JAWS installation console.

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To start installation, press Enter.
To cancel, press Escape.

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(NARR) Some blind people
use the screen reader

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together with a braille display.

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(ALEJANDRO) Víctor
can access his computer

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partly because he perceives
the information

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that was originally visual as sound.

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It is also important to ensure
that this sound information

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is in the foreground
compared with other background noises

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that could make it difficult
to perceive.

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Víctor also uses his screen reader

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to access information in tactile form
through his braille display.

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(NARR) GPS systems
guide drivers on their journeys.

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Speech synthesis is very useful
for giving driving directions,

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because, for safety reasons,

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the driver's vision
must always be focused on the road.

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(GPS) Turn right in 500 metres.

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(ALEJANDRO) The driver
perceives the GPS information

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because it is also produced
in sound form.

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(ANA) Hello? No, not yet.

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No, I'll let you know.

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When I finish the exam, I'll tell you
to come and pick me up, alright?

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(ALEJANDRO) Ana knows
that she is receiving a call

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and can also check visually
who is calling her.

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Before that, she had perceived
a vibration in her pendant.

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This vibration tells her
that a call is coming in. 

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Different vibration patterns
should be used.

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For example, one for a call
and another for a message,

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because the priority
for responding to each event

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can be different for the user.

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It is also important
that the support product,

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in this case,
Ana's vibrating pendant,

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is compatible with her mobile phone.

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(WOMAN) Do need anything, Miguel?

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(ALEJANDRO) Miguel
can perceive the information

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because the screen is attached
to his wheelchair by an aluminium arm,

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allowing it to be positioned

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at an appropriate distance
from his eyes.

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Sometimes important information,
such as that on a bus stop post,

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is placed too high.

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Here, the details
about routes and timetables

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are at the top of the post,

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where a wheelchair user
or a person of short stature

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might not be able to read them.

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In addition, this design
lacks visual simplicity

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 and does not highlight
the useful information

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that travellers actually need:
the stops and timetables.

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From a visual perception perspective,

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it is important
that text can be read easily,

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even with reduced visual acuity.

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In this example, by increasing
the font size to an adequate level,

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the text becomes
much more legible for everyone.

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The appropriate font size will vary.

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It is not the same when watching
a video on a television from a sofa,

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where the viewing distance is greater,

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as when sitting
in front of a computer screen,

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 or when projecting a presentation
in a classroom or auditorium.

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It is also important to be able
to see information without reflections.

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Here we see a bus stop display showing
the arrival times of the next buses,

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but reflections on the glass
make it hard to read.

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Therefore, it is essential
to avoid reflections.

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Now we see the screen of an iPad

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just after updating to the latest version
of the iOS operating system.

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In this version, a new
graphic design style has been used,

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one that was very fashionable
among designers at the time,

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a flat design
without shadows or outlines.

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This affects colour contrast.

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For a person with low visual acuity,

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it is difficult
to read the text properly

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because the colour of the letters has
too little contrast with the background.

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That is why it is so important
to make sure

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 that visual information
can be perceived in the foreground,

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clearly separated
from the background.

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To summarise this video
on perception and accessibility

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in information
and communication technologies,

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we can say that information
must have alternative forms:

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tactile, visual, or auditory.

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Information
must also be distinguishable,

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by volume or frequency
in the case of sound,

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by size, distance, or colour
in the case of visual information,

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and by different vibration patterns
in the case of tactile information.

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We must also avoid interferences,
such as reflections or background noise.

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Finally, we must ensure that users

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can use their assistive products
together with the system.